高密度脂蛋白测试

定义

The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) test is a blood test to measure the amount of HDL cholesterol in your blood. HDL is a type of fat (lipid) in your blood.

HDL is called "good" cholesterol because it helps prevent low-density lipoprotein (LDL) "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides from building up in the arteries. HDL picks up LDL in the blood and carries it to the liver. The liver breaks down 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇, and it is passed from the body as waste.

The 高密度脂蛋白测试 is often done as part of a 血脂, which measures other fats in your blood:

• 总胆固醇
• 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇
• 甘油三酸酯
• Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, VLDL胆固醇 (which is usually calculated from the triglyceride level rather than measured directly)

选择的名字

HDL cholesterol; High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels

如何执行测试

需要血液样本. 大多数时候， 血液从静脉中抽取 located on the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand.

如何准备考试

You should not eat for 9 to 12 hours before the test.

Alcohol and some medicines can interfere with blood test results.

• Make sure your health care provider knows what medicines you take, including over-the-counter medicines and supplements.
• Your provider will tell you if you need to stop taking any medicines before you have this test.
• Do not stop or change your medicines without talking to your provider first.

考试的感觉如何

You may feel slight pain or a sting when the needle is inserted. You may also feel some throbbing at the site after the blood is drawn.

为什么要进行测试

HDL cholesterol is usually measured together with other blood fats. Often it is done to help determine your risk of developing heart disease.

High HDL helps lower your risk for:

• 心脏病
• 心脏病
• 中风

正常的结果

You want your HDL cholesterol to be high (unless it is due to a condition described below). 最佳值为60mg /dL或1.55 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) or above.

在风险:

• 男性-低于40毫克/分升(1.04更易/ L)
• 女性-低于50毫克/分升(1.29更易/ L)

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

异常结果意味着什么

Low HDL cholesterol levels may be due to:

• Eating a diet high in saturated fats or a diet high in carbohydrates and low in fat
• 缺乏体育活动
• 超重 or 有肥胖
• 代谢综合征
• 糖尿病
• A disorder passed down through families in which there are high amounts of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood (家族性合并高脂血症)
• 某些药物的副作用

Overall, the treatment of low HDL focuses on increased exercise and changes in the diet.

An elevated HDL is anything over 80 mg/dL (2.0更易/ L). 这可能是以下原因造成的:

• A genetic variation that causes the body to produce too much HDL 
• 甲状腺过度活跃(甲状腺机能亢进)
• 喝太多酒

风险

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 晕倒 或者感到头晕
• 多次穿刺定位静脉
• 血肿 (皮肤下淤血)
• 大出血
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

注意事项

Certain medicines, pregnancy, infection, and some medical conditions can affect test results.

参考文献

刘荣华，刘志强，刘志强. 血脂和脂蛋白异常血症. 见:McPherson RA, Pincus MR，编辑. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 18.

Genest J, Mora S, Libby P. Lipoprotein disorders and cardiovascular disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli, GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 27.

Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. 循环. 2019;139(25):e1046-e1081. PMID: 30565953 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 30565953 /.

Mora S, Libby P, Ridker PM. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli, GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 25.

罗宾逊詹. 脂质代谢紊乱. 见:高德曼L，库尼KA，编. Goldman-Cecil医学. 27日,艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 190.